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Part A
What is up for discussion?
Hot Issue in Cold Environment! How can it serve Climate?
Introduction
(A) A climatic revolution
(B) Objective of investigation
(C) Where, When, Why

Part B
Warming of Spitsbergen, Facts and Considerations

Use of temperature series
What offers modern science?
How the warming was discussed until the 1940s
 

Part C
Analysing the warming event

General observations
Which sea areas could have contributed?
The warming event in detail
  1. Exceptional temperatures
  2. Distant warming
  3. Arctic Ocean
  4. Greenland
  5. Barents Sea
  6. Europe
  7. Is Spitsbergen the sole heating-up spot?
 

Part D
What caused the Arctic-warming?

What does not explain the warming?
Ocean’s potential – Ocean’s forcing
Which causing mechanism should be discussed?
Can WWI have caused the Spitsbergen warming?
(A) Which potential forces are available?
(B) Naval force a force to recon
  1. Why naval force?
  2. How close was the naval war to Spitsbergen?
  3. When got naval war in full swing?
  4. Weapon scenario that stirred the seas
  5. Churning the sea activities.
  6. Other means causing alterations
(C) Linking Naval war to Arctic-warming
  1. The general situation
  2. The week point of linking the events
  3. A further strong point of linking the events
(D) Conclusion
 
Annexes
Annex A - Spitsbergen Temp Birkeland
Annex B I - Colored Sea Ice graphs 1910-1919
Annex B II - Original Sea Ice graphs 1910-1919
Annex C - Arctic Sea Ice; April & September 1912 – 1922
Annex D - Winter weather conditions 1916 - 1917
Annex E - Naval warfare WWI
Annex F - Air Temp. 1912-1930; North Atlantic Region.
Annex G - Annual Mean Temperatures from app.1880-1947
in the Northern Atlantic Region.
Annex H - Europe.
   __The ANNUAL
   __The D/J/F

Last revised October 2009. All information and figures are by approximation, and may be altered and changed without notice.


Annex B II

Original Sea Ice graphs 1910-1919

On request of AB prepared by AARI/St. Petersburg (1997)

 
Click on each picture to enlarge it!
For more details click on image
 
Hot topics
 
Related sites
 
 
National Climate Conference
Chennai/ India;
Jan.2010
Indian Drought and North Atlantic
1917 & 1918
HTML PDF
 
 
 

CLIMATE 2009 Conference
The Circumstances of the Arctic Warming in the early 20th Century

In PDF (900KB)

_The Air Vent,  04 Nov.09
_Whats-Up-With-That, 04 Nov.09
 
 

PACON 2007, Honolulu,
Published PACON , CD-ROM.
DOC    PDF

Paper
with Figures (p.20)

In English
DOC     PDF

In French
PDF   HTML

In Russian
PDF   HTML

In Polish
PDF   HTML

In German
PDF   HTML