Table of contents
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Part A
What is up for discussion?
Hot Issue in Cold Environment! How can it serve Climate?
Introduction
(A) A climatic revolution
(B) Objective of investigation
(C) Where, When, Why

Part B
Warming of Spitsbergen, Facts and Considerations

Use of temperature series
What offers modern science?
How the warming was discussed until the 1940s
 

Part C
Analysing the warming event

General observations
Which sea areas could have contributed?
The warming event in detail
  1. Exceptional temperatures
  2. Distant warming
  3. Arctic Ocean
  4. Greenland
  5. Barents Sea
  6. Europe
  7. Is Spitsbergen the sole heating-up spot?
 

Part D
What caused the Arctic-warming?

What does not explain the warming?
Ocean’s potential – Ocean’s forcing
Which causing mechanism should be discussed?
Can WWI have caused the Spitsbergen warming?
(A) Which potential forces are available?
(B) Naval force a force to recon
  1. Why naval force?
  2. How close was the naval war to Spitsbergen?
  3. When got naval war in full swing?
  4. Weapon scenario that stirred the seas
  5. Churning the sea activities.
  6. Other means causing alterations
(C) Linking Naval war to Arctic-warming
  1. The general situation
  2. The week point of linking the events
  3. A further strong point of linking the events
(D) Conclusion
 
Annexes
Annex A - Spitsbergen Temp Birkeland
Annex B - Images on sea-ice 1910-1919
Annex C - Basis of Annex B images
Annex D - Winter weather conditions 1916 - 1917
Annex E - Winter weather conditions 1916 - 1918

Last revised October 2007. All information and figures are by approximation, and may be altered and changed without notice.


Annex C

Sea Ice Extension in the North Atlantic

For the month April from 1910 to 1919

On request prepared for AB by AARI in 1997

Source: www.arctic-warming.com (see:Annex B)

April 1910
April 1911
April 1912
April 1913
April 1914
April 1915
April 1916
April 1917
April 1918
April 1919
     
Click on each picture to enlarge it!

 

 
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Related sites
 

PACON 2007, 20th Conference:
Ocean Observing Systems and Marine Environment
Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27

 

Published by:
PACON International
CD-ROM.
Pages: 325-337.
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Conference Paper
with Figures (p.20)

In English
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In French
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In Russian
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In Polish
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Conference Power Point Presentation
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