{"id":119,"date":"2010-08-23T11:03:23","date_gmt":"2010-08-23T11:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/?p=119"},"modified":"2014-08-22T07:31:51","modified_gmt":"2014-08-22T07:31:51","slug":"the-long-way-to-arctic-warming-leo-lysgaards-opinion-in-1949","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/?p=119","title":{"rendered":"The long way to Arctic warming! &#8211; Leo Lysgaard\u2019s opinion in 1949."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"further\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-264 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0021.png\" alt=\"clip_image002[1]\" width=\"260\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0021.png 600w, http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0021-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/a>The Arctic sea ice cover was the lowest in recent decades for six weeks during May and June 2010. Since it recovered above the level of the last three years. (see Fig. right from 22Aug.2010). The decline in 2007 received considerable attention, e.g. by the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/10\/02\/science\/earth\/02arct.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">NYT on 2nd October, 2007<\/a>: \u201cScientists are also unnerved by the summer\u2019s implications for the future, and their ability to predict it\u201d. They should blame themselves.<\/p>\n<p>There had been a Artic warming period for two decades in the first half of the last Century. Start and end of the warming was already recognised by H. W. Ahlmann in 1946, a minor warming \u201cincreased rapidly during the last decades [1918-1940]\u201d<a id=\"_ftnref1\" style=\"color: #073898;\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/arctic-warming.com\/long-way-to-arctic-warming.php#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">\u00a0<\/a>. Although science has had ample of time to understand this extraordinary period thoroughly, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-266\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0043-453x1024.jpg\" alt=\"clip_image004[3]\" width=\"287\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0043-453x1024.jpg 453w, http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0043.jpg 689w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\" \/>the results are still poor. Also their predecessors during the pre and post WWII years failed to recognise the most northern sea areas of the Atlantic, respectively the West Spitsbergen Current as the primary source (see the references on this site). Why shall be discussed along a paper from the late 1940s, I was reminded while visiting the very informative \u201cclimate4you.com\u201d today, which had caught my interest due to its very comprehensive list of references (about 400) some years ago: \u201cRecent climatic fluctuations\u201d by Leo Lysgaard<a id=\"_ftnref2\" style=\"color: #073898;\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/arctic-warming.com\/long-way-to-arctic-warming.php#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">\u00a0<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"further\">Lysgaard recognises, like Ahlmann, that the winter warming in the Arctic had been more\u00a0 pronounced that during the summer season, but is much more unspecific (<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.climate4you.com\/ClimateAndHistory%201900-1949.htm#1949:%20Recent%20climatic%20fluctuations%20by%20Leo%20Lysgaard\" target=\"_blank\">1949: Recent climatic fluctuations by Leo Lysgaard<\/a>\u00a0). Thereon he discusses in Section 5 the \u201cCause and Effect of the Climate Variation\u201d, and three possible ways of explaining the observed warming of the atmosphere:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li>It can, inter alia, have received more heat from the interior of the Earth.<\/li>\n<li>It can have radiated less heat into space as a result of a change of the contents of carbon-dioxide, aqueous vapour, volcanic and electrical particles of the atmosphere.<\/li>\n<li>It can have received more heat from the sun in consequence of a variation in solar radiation or the contents of volcanic and electric particles.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"further\">\u201cclimate4you\u201d selected the following Lysgaard explanation:<br \/>\n____&#8221;As regards Point 1, the quantity of heat which the atmosphere receives from the interior of the earth is extremely insignificant and as far as is known, no measurements exists indicating that the rise in temperature and the increased atmospheric circulation of recent years should be due to the heat of the earth.&#8221;<br \/>\n____&#8221;As to the other points, no measurements exist either which indicate that the carbon-dioxide contents have so increased that they have importance for the hot-house effect of the atmosphere. The course of the curves seems also to show that the carbon-dioxide cannot have caused the climatic variation.&#8221;<br \/>\n____&#8221;We will, however, keep to the causes of the present climatic fluctuations and to indications that the cause is to be found in an increase of solar radiation. One must prognosticate here that an increase of solar activity does not necessarily cause a rise in temperature over the whole earth, in any case not immediately. It is so that a variation in one weather element will inevitably cause variations in all other elements, a state of affairs which makes the whole problem so intricate and beyond computation. A temporary fluctuation of the solar radiation can thus very well produce a climatic fluctuation of considerably longer duration on the earth.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0061.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-267\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0061-300x272.gif\" alt=\"clip_image006[1]\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0061-300x272.gif 300w, http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0061-1024x930.gif 1024w, http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/clip_image0061-1380x1253.gif 1380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>No wonder that he contributed little to the understanding of the Arctic warming many decades ago. Like many of his colleagues at that time the oceans did not exist. The important aspects that the temperatures in high latitude regions during the winter season depend heavily on heat supply from the sea, and that any fluctuation of solar radiation have a minimal, if any, effect during the polar nights, is completely ignored.\u00a0 That he denies a detectable impact of carbon-dioxide on the climate variation should be of interest to those who make such claims today.<\/p>\n<p class=\"further\"><strong>Left Fig: Annual Air Temperature\u00a0 2009 vs mean 1998-2006 (see Reference)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"further\">Although Lysgaard\u2019s considerations would presumably receive little support nowadays, modern Arctic science has hardly achieved more in understanding the reasons that lead to the Arctic Warming since winter 1919. That is even more surprising\u00a0 when it is meanwhile called :\u00a0 \u201cas one of the most spectacular climate events of the twentieth century\u201d\u00a0<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1175\/1520-0442%282004%29017%3C4045%3ATETWIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" target=\"_blank\">(Lennart Bengtsson et al , 2004),<\/a>\u00a0due to: \u201ctemperature increase in the Arctic was related to enhanced wind-driven oceanic inflow into the Barents Sea with an associated sea ice retreat.\u201d That is progress, but to little. On one hand the influence of the West Spitsbergen Current has not been investigated, on the other hand the significant difference between summer and winter temperature is to little addressed. But more importantly nothing has been said on what has caused the \u201cenhanced wind\u201d. The matter is about an enhance winter warming over two decades, which needs\u00a0 a increased and permanent heat supply from the sea, which in this case from the West Spitsbergen Current.<br \/>\nBy Arnd-Bernaerts\/23 August 2010<\/p>\n<p class=\"further\">Figure reference:<br \/>\n__Ice cover 22. August 2010:\u00a0 Danish Meteorological Institute Arctic Sea Ice Extent<br \/>\n__Decadal Arctic temperature data source: NASA<em>\u00a0<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/data.giss.nasa.gov\/gistemp\/\" target=\"_blank\">Goddard Institute for Space Studies<\/a><\/em>(GISS), as at:\u00a0 climate4you.com<em>\u00a0(<\/em><a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.climate4you.com\/Polar%20precipitation.htm#Arctic%20precipitation%20and%20temperature%20change%20during%20the%2020th%20century\" target=\"_blank\">Arctic precipitation and temperature change during the 20th century<\/a>\u00a0)<em>.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>__<\/em>Annual temperature in 2009 vs average 1998-2006; source: NASA<em>\u00a0<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/data.giss.nasa.gov\/gistemp\/\" target=\"_blank\">Goddard Institute for Space Studies<\/a><\/em>(GISS), as at: climate4you.com. (Section:\u00a0<a style=\"color: #073898;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.climate4you.com\/Polar%20temperatures.htm#Diagram%20ArcticMAAT\" target=\"_blank\">Arctic temperature change<\/a>\u00a0)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The Arctic sea ice cover was the lowest in recent decades for six weeks during May and June 2010. Since it recovered above the level of the last three years. (see Fig. right from 22Aug.2010). The decline in 2007 received considerable attention, e.g. by the\u00a0NYT on 2nd October, 2007: \u201cScientists are also unnerved by&hellip;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/?p=119\">Read more <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The long way to Arctic warming! &#8211; Leo Lysgaard\u2019s opinion in 1949.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions\/269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.arctic-warming.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}